The European Parliament on Wednesday approved sweeping changes to EU migration policy, granting member states broader powers to deport failed asylum seekers and illegally staying third-country nationals.
Lawmakers voted 418 in favor, 218 against, and 30 abstentions to endorse the updated Return Regulation. The measure aims to address persistently low deportation rates, with only about one in four return orders currently enforced.
Under the new framework, individuals without legal right to remain must leave "immediately or within a given time." Member states can establish or use "return hubs" in non-EU countries through bilateral agreements. Rejected asylum seekers and irregular migrants could be transferred to these facilities, excluding unaccompanied minors in many cases, while upholding human rights and the principle of non-refoulement.
The legislation also expands detention possibilities to prevent absconding, enables mutual recognition of return decisions across the EU, shortens voluntary departure periods, and lengthens entry bans. It introduces stricter obligations for migrants to cooperate with authorities.
The approval reflects growing anti-immigration sentiment across the bloc and a rightward shift in European politics. Centre-right and far-right groups backed the text, with some MEPs chanting "send them back" after the result. Opponents from left-leaning groups countered with "shame on you."
Critics warn the changes risk undermining rights. Ana Catarina Mendes, vice-president of the Socialists and Democrats group, stated the regulation “risks normalising legally questionable practices that would have been unthinkable in the EU only a few years ago.”
The reform complements the EU's Migration and Asylum Pact. It still requires formal Council adoption and publication in the Official Journal before taking effect, with some provisions applying immediately.
Supporters view it as essential for restoring credibility to EU border management amid high irregular migration pressures. The vote underscores deepening divides on migration, fueling far-right gains in recent elections.